司马迁学术思想中的“道”“术”观

Concept of Tao and Art in Si Maqian' Academic Thought

"道"与"术"在先秦是公共概念。在汉初学术融合的环境下,司马迁通过对道、术概念区别运用表现出:儒家体现了对道的整体性与客观性的全面把握,而道家的术只是对道的片面把握。没有把握道之全面性与价值性的术只是权谋的策略。道还表现出浓郁的价值追求,这使得道的本质可以被个体人所把握与担当。对道的新认识是司马迁儒道融合而归宿儒家的重要思想起点。

Tao and art are common notions in the pre-Qin times. In the beginning of Han dynasty, Si Ma-qian differentiated them in the context of cultural dialogue. Confucianism＂ understanding of Tao was comprehensive and objective. However, Taoism＇s understanding, i. e. Art is rather one-sided, which will slide into the strategy without the understanding of comprehensiveness and value. Besides, Tao represents a strong value-pursuit so that the essence can be understood and represented by individuals. This new understanding of Tao was the starting point for him to combine Taoism and Confucianism yet to belong to the school of Confucianism.