化学氮肥对蔬菜硝酸盐污染影响的研究

Studies on the effect of chemical nitrogen fertilizer on the nitrate contamination in vegetables

蔬菜是一种容易富集硝酸盐的作物，菜农为了获得高产，而超量施用化学氮肥，致使蔬菜硝酸盐累积量剧增，品质恶化。研究表明：筛选出氯化铵和硫酸铵两种氮肥；施氮剂量每ｈｍ２以３００ｋｇ为临界值；施氮安全始期，以追氮后８天上市为宜；化学氮肥与厩肥、土杂肥配用，能有效控制和降低蔬菜硝酸盐的累积分别达６７．４％和４５．７％。硝酸盐是亚硝胺的前体物，应减轻其对人体健康的潜在危害，并提高蔬菜品质。

Vegetable is one kind of crop which can easily enrich nitrate.With a view to obtain high yield,vegetable growers excessively apply chemical nitrogenous fertilizer,thus resulting in the drastic increase of nitrate accumulation in vegetables with their quality deteriorated.This study demonstrates that two kinds of nitrogenous fertilizers i.e.ammonium chloride and ammoneum sulphate are sieved;N fertilizer at proper dose with 300kg/hm 2 is used as critical level;the safe initial period is adequate with 8 days after applying N fertilizer;and the corporation of chemical nitrogenous fertilizers with yard manure and farmyard manure is able to control effectively and drop the nitrate accumulation in vegetable,reaching 67.4% and 45.7% respectively.The predecessor of nitrous amine is nitrate;thus lightening the potential harm to human health and raising the quality of vegetable.