1Preminger GM, Assimos DG, Lingeman JE, et al. Chapter 1 : AUA guideline on management of staghorn calculi : diagnosis and treatment recommendations. J Urol, 2005, 173 (6) : 1991 - 2000.
2Rassweiler JJ, Renner C, Eisenberger F. The management of complex renal stones. BJU Int, 2000, 86(8) : 919 -928.
3Murshidi MS. Simple radiologieal indicators for staghorn calculi response to ESWL. Int Urol Nephrol, 2006, 38( 1 ) : 69 -73.
4El - Assmy A, El - Nahas AR, Madbouly K, et al. Extracorporeal shock - wave lithotripsy monotherapy of partial staghom calculi. Prognostic factors and long - term results. Scand J Urol Nephrgl, 2006, 40(4) :320 - 325.
5AL - Kohlany Km, Shokeir AA, Mosbah A, et al. Treatment of complete staghom stones: a prospective randomized comparison of open surgery versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Urol, 2005, 173 (2) :469 -473.
6Wong C, Leveillee RJ. Single upper - pole percutaneous access for treatment of > or = 5 - cm complex branched staghom calculi: is shockwave lithotfipsy necessary? J Endourol, 2002, 16 (7) : 477 - 481.
7Yadav R, Aron M, Gupta NP, et al. Safety of supracostal punctures for percutaneous renal surgery. Int J Urol, 2006, 13 (10) : 1267 - 1270.
8Netto NR Jr, Ikonomidis J, Ikari O, et al. Comparative study of percutaneous access for staghorn calculi. Urology, 2005, 65 (4) :659 - 662.
2Lahme S, Bichler K H, Strohmaier W L, et al. Minimally invasive PCNL in patients with renal pelvic and calyceal stones. Eur Urol, 2001, 40: 619-624.
3Monga M, Oglevie S. Minipercutaneous nephorlithotomy. J Endourol,2000,14:419-421.
4Mahesh R, Deasi M S, Frcs F, et al. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for complex pediatric renal calculus disease. 2004, 18: 23-27.
5Nguyen H C, Tan Y H, Wong M Y, et al. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the management of complex upper urinary tract calculi: the singapore general hospital experience. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 2003,32: 570-574.
6Atallah N, Slaba S, Karam R, et al. Complications of percutaneous nephrostomy. Apropos of 481 procedures: the value of puncture of the median calices. J Med Liban, 1999,47:92-94.
7Radecka E, Brehmer M, Holmgren K, et al. Complications associated with percutaneous nephrolithotripsy:supra- versus subcostal access. A retrospective study. Acta Radiol,2003,44:447-451.
8Gupta R, Kumar A, Kapoor R, et al. Prospective evaluation of safety and efficacy of the supracostal approach for percutaneous nephrolithotomy. BJU Int,2002,90:809-813.
9Glenn MP, Dean GA, James EL, et al. AUA guideline on management of staghorn calculus: diagnosis and treatment recommendations. J Urol, 2005,173 : 1991- 2000.
10Buchholz NP. Three-dimensional CT scan stone reconstruction for planning of percutaneous surgery in a morbidly obese patient. Urol Int,2000,65:46-48.
