啮齿动物急性瘙痒模型的研究进展

Acute itching models in rodents

瘙痒是一种引起搔抓刺激部位欲望的感觉，搔抓行为已被用于评价实验动物的瘙痒和作为临床观察瘙痒的客观指标。组胺、5-羟色胺、P物质、白三烯B4和血小板激活因子等致痒介质均可使啮齿动物出现剂量依赖性搔抓行为。迄今只有几个可靠的外周激发瘙痒动物模型。大鼠颈背部皮内注射5-羟色胺诱导的搔抓行为是目前较为理想的急性瘙痒动物模型，其发生机制与皮肤中5-羟色胺2受体激活有关，但与组胺和5-羟色胺3受体无关。

Itch is a sensation that provokes a desire to scratch. The scratching behavior has already been used as an objective indicator to evaluate pruritus in animal model and patients. Itch mediators, such as histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）, substance P, leukotrienes B4, platelet activating factor, can induce a dose-dependent scratching behavior in rodents. To date only a few animal itch models evoked by peripheral pruritogen are available. Scratching behavior induced by intradermal 5-HT at the nape of rat neck may be a rather ideal model for acute itch. 5-HT-induced itch is related to cutaneous 5-HT2 receptor activation, but not to histamine and 5-HT3 receptor.