旅游活动对景区视觉环境的影响——以嵩山风景区为例

THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON THE VISION OF THE BEAUTY SPOT——A Case Study of Songshan in Henan Province

传统的综合评价指数模型在对定量化的客观事物进行评价时比较准确,但在评价景区视觉环境时由于存在着主观影响因素,这时传统模型就显出了较大的局限性。利用韦伯-费希纳定律改进后的新综合评价模型则显示出了优越性。利用层次分析法确定各指标的权重,向专家、旅游专业学生、游客发放调查问卷获得评分,采用新综合评价模型,以嵩山风景区为例,针对该区开展旅游活动后景区视觉环境受到的消极影响进行了研究评价。

If not suitable, tourism will damage the beautiful scenery of the beauty spot. Through the impact assessment of tourism we carry out on the vision of the beauty spot, correlative problems can be found out in time and corresponding countermeasures may be adopted. Quantificational objective thing was assessed by the traditional model of the synthetical evaluation index, the effect is preferable. Because of the subjective factors in the assessment of the vision of the beauty spot, the limitation of the traditional model of the synthetical evaluation index was discovered. By means of Weber-Fechner＇s law which is based on mental physics and by improving the traditional model of the synthetical evaluation index, a new model of the synthetical evaluation index was built and it has many advantages in assessing the vision of beauty spot. This paper takes Songshan beauty spot as an example and assesses the negative impact of the tourism on the vision of the beauty spot. New model of the synthetical evaluation index contains 27 evaluation factors, 1-4 grades are divided in each evaluation factor, each evaluation factor is scored according to quality, the bigger the number, the worse the impact of the tourism on the vision of the beauty spot. In order to reduce the effect of the subjective factor, factors＇ weight was determined by analytic hierarchy process in new model of the synthetical evaluation index, consistent rate is 0.0122≤ 0.1, pass muster. For the sake of enhancing the objectivity and reliability of result of the assessment, we divide it into 3 groups for questionnaire that gain the score： the expert group （group constituted by the professional teachers in tourism and super managers ）, weightiness is 0.4; the group of the professional student in tourism, weightiness is 0.35; the common tourist group, weightiness is 0.25. We had handed out questionnaire of 200 pieces totally in the beauty spot, the interviewees scored according to the standard for the evaluated factors, 179 pieces were taken back, 171 pieces were valid. We had divided the impact extent of the tourism on the vision of the beauty spot into 4 grades, the smaller the ordinal number, the more obvious the impact of the tourism on the vision of the beauty spot. We had drawn grade distribution map of the impact extent of the tourism on the vision of the beauty spot. Grade I and grade II are more than 1/3 of the beauty spot according to the result of assessment, the impact of tourism on the vision of the beauty spot in Songshan is obvious. In the end, we put forward some idiographic proposals for solving the negative impact problems of the tourism on the vision of the beauty spot.