中、下颈椎纵向撞击性损伤机制的实验研究

An in vitro biomechanical study on traumatic mechanism of cervical spine

分析人体中、下颈椎承受纵向撞击力作用时的损伤机制、损伤阈值，为颈椎撞击性损伤的防护、诊治提供生物力学依据。应用成人男性新鲜尸体标本在CZZ-Ⅱ人体撞击试验机上行撞击实验。对C2～C4标本进行30J和50J能量的撞击，对C5～T1标本进行50和100J能量的撞击，由计算机数据采集系统得到撞击力峰值、冲量、撞击速度和撞击力作用时间等参数，以放射学诊断和解剖学观察为损伤判断依据。C2～C4在轴向撞击力作用下的损伤阈值为4112～4890N或30．2～34．2N·s，C5～T1在轴向撞击力作用下的损伤阈值为4824～6362N或33．6～43．0N·s。结果表明，轴向压缩载荷引起的颈椎损伤类型与其撞击能量的大小有关，较高撞击能量会产生颈椎的整体结构破坏，较低的撞击能量仅损伤颈椎的前、中柱结构。

Traumatic mechanism, injured patterns and tolerances of cervical spine in high-speed axial compression were studied. Fourteen specimens (C2~C4 ) and fifteen specimens (C5 ~T1 ) obtained from young male cadavers were used in high-speed axial compression on CZZ- Ⅱ Impact Test Machine. Impact energies were 30J and 50J for C2 ~C4 specimens, and 50J and 100J for C5 ~T1 specimens. Force peak,momentum and force duration time were calculated. The X-ray film of all impacted specimens were taken. C2 ~C4 specimens were uninjured after 30J impact but reverely damaged after 50J Impact. There were four specimens injured in seven C5 ~T1 specimens under 50J impact, and all eight C5 ~T1 specimens were damaged to some extent following 100J impact. Based on radiographic diagnosis, the tolerances of C2~C4 and C5~T1 specimen were 4 112~4 890N and 4 824~6 342N or 30.2~34. 2N's and 33. 6~43. 0N·s in force and momentum respectively. Traumatic patterns of cervical spine were related to impact energy. A higher impact energy leaded to three-column destraction, while a lower impact energy produced anterior or anterioposterior column destraction.