全自动微柱凝胶技术在ABO、RhD血型鉴定中的应用研究

Research on automatic microcolumn gel technology for identification of blood groups of ABO and RhD

目的探讨全自动微柱凝胶技术在ABO、RhD血型鉴定中的应用。方法采用全自动微柱凝胶技术对5150例标本进行ABO及RhD血型鉴定,并与纸板法进行比对实验。对实验中出现因ABO正反定型不一致而无法定型的标本改用试管法,并增加吸收放散实验、唾液型物质抑制实验及H抗原强度检测以确定最终血型。结果5150例标本中全自动微柱凝胶法ABO血型一次准确定型率为99.9%(5145/5150),纸板法ABO血型一次准确定型率为99.7%(5135/5150),两种方法比较有显著性差异(P﹤0.05);全自动微柱凝胶法RhD血型一次准确定型率为100%(5150/5150),纸板法RhD血型一次准确定型率为99.9%(5146/5150),两种方法比较无显著性差异(P﹥0.05)。全自动微柱凝胶法发现疑似亚型标本1例,经进一步实验确认为A3亚型。结论全自动微柱凝胶技术安全、可靠,较纸板法更为灵敏,易于发现亚型;实现了实验操作规范化、标准化,降低了人为错误的发生率;实验结果可永久保存,便于查询和医疗举证。

Objective To evaluate automatic micmcolumn gel technology （AMGT） for identification of blood groups of ABO and RhD. Methods 5150 samples were collected from different patients who were applied to transfuse blood components in General hospital of PLA. Blood groups of ABO, RhD in all samples were assayed by AMGT and chipboard method. When discrepancies between forward and reverse typing in ABO grouping were found, adsorption-elution test, salivary ABH inhibition test and H antigen test would be performed in order to confirm ABO group. Results The rates of first proper ABO grouping by AMGT and chipboard method were 99.9%（5145/5150） and 99.7%（5135/5150） respectively. There was significant difference between two methods （P 〈 0.05）. The rates of first proper RhD grouping by AMGT and chipboard method were 100% （5150/5150） and 99.9% （5146/5150） respectively. There was no difference between two methods （P 〉 0.05）. A sample was found to seem to be ABO subgroup by AMGT, and was confirmed to be A3 subgroup finally. Conclusions AMGT for detecting blood groups of ABO and RhD is safer, more sensitive and easier to find ABO subgroup samples than chipboard method. Standardization of blood grouping experiments has been achieved,and it can reduce the rate of man-made errors in experiment.The results of AMGT can be stored timelessly, and are convenient for query and medical quote.