出口加工型小香葱田间杂草发生特点及控制技术研究

Study on the occurrence and control of weeds in Allium schoenoprasum field

通过对小香葱田间杂草的发生危害、除草剂控制技术和残留量分析研究表明:小香葱田间杂草有23科62种,以禾本科和菊科为主,分别占杂草发生种类的21.0%和19.4%;一年生和越年生杂草的发生量分别占全年杂草发生量的63.5%和29.7%,多年生杂草占6.8%。5种除草剂对小香葱田杂草均有良好的防除效果,其中96%金都尔EC 1 008.0 g a.i./hm2对禾本科和阔叶杂草的防效分别达96.6%和95.8%,50%异丙隆WP 1 125.0 g a.i./hm2对禾本科和阔叶杂草的防效分别达95.7%和94.8%,其农药残留符合出口标准,而24%果尔EC 270.0 g a.i./hm2和20%使它隆EC 180.0 g a.i./hm22个除草剂的农药残留超过了日本和欧盟在蔬菜上的最大允许残留标准,不宜使用。

The investigation was carried out on the weeds＇ occurrence and damage and the ways of controlling the weeds by herbicides,and the analysis of pesticide residue in A.schoenoprasum was also made.The results showed that there were 62 species of weeds under 23 families in A.schoenoprasum field.The weeds mainly came under Gramineae and Compositae,and both families＇ weed species were respectively 21.0% and 19.4% of total weed species.Among all the weeds the annual,biennial and perennial weeds were respectively 63.5%,29.7% and 6.8%.The 5 herbicides had a good control efficacy on the weeds of A.schoenoprasum field.The control efficacy of 96% s-metolachlor EC at 1 008.0 g a.i./hm^2 on gramineous and broad-leaved weeds was respectively 96.6% and 95.8%,and the control efficacy of 50% isoproturon WP at 1 125.0 g a.i./hm^2 on them was respectively 95.7% and 94.8%.The pesticide residue in A.schoenoprasum was within the standards for export agricultural products.But the 2 herbicides 24% oxyfluorfen EC and 20% fluroxypyr EC should not be applied because when they were applied respectively at 270.0 g a.i./hm^2 and 180.0 g a.i./hm^2,the pesticide residue in A.schoenoprasum would go beyond the Japanese and EU standards of pesticide residue in vegetables.