咖啡因暴露对小鼠胚胎发育的影响

Influences of Caffeine Exposure on Embryonic Development in Mice

目的:评价孕前和孕期咖啡因对雌性小鼠受孕、着床及胚胎发育的影响。方法:孕前和孕期灌胃给予不同剂量咖啡因(60,120和240 mg/kg.d),以等容积蒸馏水作正常对照。记录各组母鼠体重增长率、小鼠受孕率、着床数和胎盘重量,进行活胎的一般情况检查(体重、身长、尾长)及外观、内脏、骨骼畸形检查。结果:与正常对照组比较,咖啡因组母鼠体重增长率明显降低(P<0.01,P<0.05),咖啡因组小鼠的受孕率明显降低,受孕延迟,吸收胎和死胎数发生率亦增加,呈剂量依赖性,但各组着床数无明显差异。咖啡因小、中、大剂量组胎鼠平均体重、身长、尾长、胎盘重均明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05),胎鼠宫内发育迟缓(FGR)发生率分别为6.8%、23.3%、98.3%;各组胎鼠外观、内脏、骨骼畸形检查未见异常。结论:孕前和孕期咖啡因暴露可致小鼠受孕延迟,胎鼠吸收胎、死胎、FGR发生率升高。

Objective： To observe changes of conception, implantation and embryonic development in mice treated with caffeine during pro-gestation and pregnancy period. Methods： Female mice were randomly assigned to receive 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg per day caffeine or equal volume distilled water during pro-gestation and gestation period. Maternal body weight gain, implantation, fertil- ity rate and placental weight were recorded. Fetuses were removed by the caesarean section on gestational day （GD） 14 and GD 18. General state of health and outside, innards and skeletal deformity were measured. Results： Compared with that in control group, maternal body weight gain after caffeine exposure significantly reduced （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. Conception rate of caffeine exposure reduced and caffeine delayed female mice to conceive. Caffeine exposure resulted in significant reduction of the fetal body weight, body length, tail length, and placental weight （P〈 0.01 or P〈0.05）. The incidence of FGR in caffeine groups were 6.8%, 23.3% and 98.3%. The mean number of resorption and dead fetuses in 240 mg/kg d caffeine group on GD14 and GD 18 increased to 6.06-fold and 8.68-fold, respectively （both P〈0.05）, when compared with that in the control group. Outside, innards and skeletal deformity of fetus were not discovered.Conclusion： Caffeine exposure during pro-gestation and pregnancy results in delayed conception and heightens the ratio of FGR.