无创通气在慢性气道疾病呼吸衰竭中的疗效

Efficacy of non - invasive ventilation in management of respiratory failure due to chronic airway diseases

无创通气（non-invasive ventilation，NIV）是指不经气管插管或气管切开而进行的机械通气。目前已有大量临床实验的结果支持其用于治疗慢性气道疾病（包括慢性阻塞性肺疾病和哮喘）所致的急性和慢性呼吸衰竭，同时它也有助于有创通气的撤机。尽管NIV的有效性已被广泛认可，但是并非对所有患者均有效，患者的合理选择是其成功的重要因素。

Non-invasive ventilation（NIV） refers to the delivery of assisted mechanical ventilation to the lungs without endo/orotracheal airways. There have been a number of studies supporting the administration of NIV in patients with acute and chronic respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD） and severe asthma. NIV is also found to be effective for the weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation. Although it is an extremely useful technique, NIV cannot be adopted in all patients and correct patient selection is important.