男性居民吸烟、饮酒水平与胆石症患病关系

Smoking, Alcohol Drinking and Gallstone Disease in General Male Population

目的 探讨男性居民吸烟、饮酒水平与胆石症患病的关系。方法 在广东省人群脂肪肝现况调查的基础上,选取成年男性居民,对其吸烟、饮酒水平与胆石症关系进行分析。结果 男性居民胆石症的患病率随着每天吸烟量的增加而升高（趋势χ^25.542,P=0.019）,同时随着年吸烟总量的增加而不断升高（趋势χ^27.302,P=0.007）,排除胆石症常见影响因素年龄和肥胖的影响后每天吸烟量以及年吸烟总量仍然是胆石症的危险因素（每天吸烟量OR=1.269,95%CI：1.018～1.580;吸烟总量OR=1.295,95%CI：1.020～1.646）。饮酒与胆石症的关系是少量和适量饮酒（〈40g/d）可降低男性居民的胆石症的发病,但大量饮酒（≥40g/d）反而会刺激胆石症的形成,呈现“V”形分布。排除胆石症常见影响因素年龄和肥胖的影响后,少量和适量饮酒的保护作用仍然存在（OR=0.537,95%CI：0.313～0.920）。每次饮酒量限制在20g内对胆石症的保护作用最强（OR=0.370,95CI：0.145～0.942）。每周饮酒频率不宜超过7次,饮酒年龄不宜过早,饮酒总年数不宜超过35a。结论 不吸烟、少量或适量饮酒可能对减少男性胆石症患病率有重要作用。

Objective To explore the relationship between smoking, alcohol drinking and gallstone disease in general male pop- ulation in Guangdong. Methods Each subject received a questionnaire and took an upper abdominal ultrasound examination in a cross-sectional study. Results The prevalence of gallstone disease became higher with the increase of amount of cigarette smoking per day （trend test Х^2=5.542, P=-0.019） and with the total amount of cigarette smoking in their life （trend test Х^2=7.302, P=0.007）, these significance remained after controlling well-known risk factors for gallstone disease such as age and body mass index （BMI） （0R=1.269,95%CI： 1.018-1.580 for cigarette smoking per day and OR=1.295, 95%CI： 1.020-1.646 for total ）. Little to moderate alcohol drinking （〈40 g/d） was associated with a decreased risk but excessive drinking （〉140 g/d） slightly increased the risk, showed a ＂V＂ shaped curve with gallstone disease. After adjustment for age and BMI, the protective effect of little to moderate alcohol drinking still existed （OR=0.537, 95%CI： 0.313-0.920）. Alcohol consumption was restricted to less than 20 g each times would be best for gallstone disease control （OR=0.370,95CI：0.145-0.942）. The frequency of alcohol drinking should be limited to under 7 times a week and the total years of drinking less than 35 years. Conclusion No smoking and little to moderate alcohol drinking were likely to protect the development of gallstone disease for male.