摘要
术后恶心、呕吐（PONV）的发病机制不明确，目前没有标准的防治措施。个体因素、麻醉与手术均可影响PONV的发生，青春期后的女性、非吸烟病人、晕动症或PONV史、挥发性麻醉气体、氧化亚氮、围术期应用阿片类药物等都是明确的PONV危险因素。不同个体发生PONV的危险因素各异，发生PONV的几率也不相同，常规地给所有病人预防用药是没有必要的，而且总体效果不理想。应采用个体化的综合防治措施，以求安全、有效、经济，具体策略为：评估病人发生PONV的危险性、尽可能减少PONV的危险因素、合理的预防用药、积极治疗已发生PONV的病人。
Postoperative nausea and vomiting （PONV） by far has always been a tough problem for anesthesiologists. The mechanism and consequences of PONV are complex and multifactorial. There havent been universal criteria for the prevention and treatment of PONV. Individual factors, anesthesia techniques as well as surgical interventions all affect the occurrence of PONV. Among which the risk factors are female gender, non - smoker, history of motion sickness or PONV, volatile anesthetics, nitric oxide, perioperative usage of opioids, etc. Preventive and treatment measurements should be both comprehensive and individual, so as to achieve optimum in safety, efficacy, and economization. The recommended strategy based on current knowledge is summaried in this review.
出处
《国际麻醉学与复苏杂志》
CAS
2008年第1期54-57,共4页
International Journal of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation
关键词
术后恶心
呕吐
危险因素
预防
治疗
postoperative nausea and vomiting
risk factors
prevention
treatment
