环境变化对苔藓植物物种多样性的影响：以上海徐家汇地区为例

Effect of environmental change on species diversity of bryophytes: a case study in Xujiahui (Zi ka Wei) area, Shanghai

为了探讨区域环境变化对苔藓植物物种多样性的影响,作者通过文献查阅、实地调查、标本查检和鉴定,对20、21世纪初上海徐家汇地区苔藓植物种类组成进行了比较分析。结果表明,20世纪初该地区记载有24种苔藓植物,其中15种是以徐家汇为模式产地发表的新种,但目前仅有7种(包括6种1亚种)仍被接受;该地区现有21种苔藓植物分布。经历100年后,环境条件的改变对其苔藓植物物种多样性的影响并不显著,但却使其种类组成发生了根本性变化。20世纪初以徐家汇为模式产地的苔藓植物,目前除尖叶匍灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum)外,其余都已从其模式产地消失。而以葫芦藓科和真藓科为代表的土生苔藓植物数目明显增加。多种世界广布、抗干扰能力强的伴人苔藓植物成为主要种类。树附生苔藓植物的种类组成发生变化,种数也相对100年前明显减少。此外,作者对城市苔藓植物的保护提出了建议。

Based on literature, preserved specimens and field investigation, we compared species diversity and composition of bryophytes in the Xujiahui area of Shanghai between the early of 20th and 21th centuries. A total of 24 bryophyte species were recorded in this area between 1906 and 1910. Of these, 15 were described as new species, however only 6 species and 1 variety are currently still accepted as valid species. On the other hand, 21 bryophyte species were found in the area during this investigation. During the past 100 years, there were no distinct effects of environmental change on bryophyte diversity; however, bryophyte species composition changed almost completely. Besides one, Plagiomnium acutum, we found none of the type species reported in the early of 20th century from Xujiahui. The number of small and ground bryophyte species, including Bryaceae and Funariaceae species, increased, whereas epiphytic bryophyte decreased. Some cosmopolitan species with good resistance to human disturbance became more common. We propose suggestions for bryological conservation in urban areas.