不同灌溉方式下柑橘生长·产量和品质表现

Growth,Yield and Quality Performances of Citrus under Different Irrigation Modes

[目的]筛选出适合贵州山地果园节水灌溉的有效技术和方法。[方法]以椪柑为试材,研究微喷灌、明灌覆盖和明灌不同灌溉方式下柑橘的生长状况、产量和品质。[结果]微喷灌和明灌覆盖处理的柑橘新梢生长量大于明灌处理,微喷灌处理的柑橘新梢生长的平均长度高于明灌覆盖。微喷灌和明灌覆盖处理的椪柑平均单果重显著大于明灌处理。微喷灌处理的产量最高,极显著高于其他两种处理,明灌覆盖处理的产量极显著高于明灌处理。明灌处理的椪柑果实可溶性固形物、糖、酸及维生素C含量均高于其他两种处理,微喷灌和明灌覆盖处理对果实品质有不同程度的影响。[结论]综合考虑节水效果和经济效益,微喷灌是贵州山地果园较为理想的灌溉方式,可大面积推广。

[Objective] The aim was to screen out the effective techniques and methods suitable for water-saving irrigation in the orchard of mountain region in Guizhou Province. [Method] With Ponkan （Citrus reticulate Blanco） as tested material, the growth conditions, yields and qualities of citrus under different irrigation modes of micro-spray irrigation （MSI）, traditional irrigation with coverage （TIC） and traditional irrigation （TI） were studied. [Result] The new shoot increments of citrus in MSI and TIC treatments were bigger than that of TI and the average growth lengths of citrus new shoots in the treatment of MSI was higher than that of TIC. The average single fruit weights of Ponkan in the treatments of MSI and TIC were significantly bigger than that of TI. The yield in MSI treatment was highest and extremely significantly higher than that in the other two treatments, and that of TIC was extremely significantly higher than that of TI. The contents of soluble solid matter, sugar, acid and vitamin C in Ponkan fruits in the treatment of TI were higher than that in the other two treatments and MSI and TIC treatments had influences on fruit quality to different degrees. [Conclusion] Considering water-saving effect and economic benefit comprehensively, MSI was more perfect irrigation mode in the orchard of mountain region in Guizhou Province and could be popularized in large area.