阴山北麓地区土地利用/覆盖及景观格局变化分析

Analysis on Change of Land Use and Land Cover and Landscape Pattern in the North of Yinshan Mountain

利用1989年和2002年生长季的Landsat TM/ETM+卫星遥感数据,采用非监督分类方法,处理并提取阴山北麓地区土地利用/土地覆盖的相关信息,在地理信息系统(GIS)支持下,开展景观格局变化的空间分析。结果表明:①耕地、灌木林地、高覆盖草地和中覆盖草地是这一地区土地利用的主体类型。从相对动态度来看,未利用土地类型是景观格局中变化程度最剧烈的单元;从绝对动态度来看,中覆盖草地类型对阴山北麓地区的土地利用/土地覆盖变化的贡献最大。②从土地利用转化矩阵来看,研究区的耕地、林地、灌木林地、低覆盖草地和未利用地类型都明显增加,高覆盖草地和中覆盖草地类型显著减少,而水体和城镇用地占地面积小,变化不明显。③1989～2002年,研究区斑块密度、边界密度都有所增加,聚合度减少,说明在这13年间这一地区景观破碎化程度加重,多样性指数减少,说明景观类型呈现单一化趋势。

Using Landsat TM/ETM＋ satellite remote sensing data in growth season of 1989 and 2002 and the unsupervised classification method, the information about land use and land cover in the north of Ying mountain was picked up. And supported by geographic information system （GIS）, spatial analysis of the landscape pattern change in the north of Yin mountain was studied. The result showed that： Firstly, farmland, shrub, high-covering and mid-covering grassland were the main land use types. The change of unused land was the most intense unit in the land types from relatively dynamic degree and the contribution of mid-covering grassland to land use and land cover of the north of Yin mountain was largest from absolutely dynamic degree. Secondly, the area of farmland, forest, shrub, low-covering grassland and unused land increased in evidence from transform matrix of land use, while the area of high-covering grassland and mid -covering grassland de creased absolutely. The area of water and urban land were small and the change was not in evidence. Third, the patch density and edge density in the north of Ying mountain increased and the aggregation index decreased from 1989 to 2002. It proved that landscape fragmentized extent aggravated in this 13 years. Shannon＇s diversity index increased and it reflected that landscape form had a slight single trend.