废旧家电逆向物流构建模式的经济模型分析

Economic Analysis of Reversed Logistics for Waste Household Appliances

以生产者延伸责任制为基本前提,将目前的废旧家电逆向物流模式划分为3类:制造商独立回收模式、联合回收模式、委托代理回收模式。基于7个假设条件,构建了制造商独立回收模式和委托代理回收模式的利润函数模型,通过制造商最优利润函数的分析比较,提出了制造商对不同回收模式的选择。基于模型,探讨了影响利润函数的三方面因素:原材料价格、使用回收材料的成本和企业规模、实力、技术、管理等综合要素,并在此基础上提出了废旧家电逆向物流体系的动态优化概念模型。WHARL的构建决策分析是基于家电制造商的角度进行的,模型中最优利润函数均在理想的市场均衡条件下求得,并未考虑不完全竞争等非市场因素。而实践表明,非正规回收处理市场的存在已经成为WHARL构建的最大阻碍。

Based on extended producer responsibility （EPR） theory, current reversed logistics for waste household appliances in China is described. This paper establishes and analyzes profit function models under different recycling modes, and concludes manufacturers＇ choices of recycling by maximizing their profits. The paper also discusses three determining factors for the profits, which is, raw material price, cost of using recycled materials, as well as an integrated index including enterprise＇s scale, economic capacity, technology, and management level. A dynamic optimization model is proposed for reversed logistic of waste household appliances. Establishment and policy analysis of WHARL are based on pespective of hoasehold electric appliance. Optimal profit function in the model is obtained under equilibrium conditions of ideal market, without considering non-market factors, such as incomplete competition. The result shows that informal recycling market becomes the largest obstacle to hinder the establishment of WHARL.