海水电解用阳极

Anodes for Seawater Electrolysis

电解海水技术已被广泛用于海滨电站的防污工程上。本文对电解海水常用的几种阳极性能进行了比较。在铂和铂化阳极中，Ｐｔ／Ｔｉ，Ｐｔ／Ｔａ和Ｐｔ的损耗率分别大约为５００ｍｇ／Ａ·ａ，３４０ｍｇ／Ａ·ａ和２４０ｍｇ／Ａ·ａ。随着电极间距的增加和海水流速的加快，Ｐｔ／Ｔｉ阳极的极化加剧。由于ＩｒＯ２／Ｔｉ具有比Ｐｔ－ＩｒＯ２／Ｔｉ高的析氯电位和低的析氧电位，故ＩｒＯ２／Ｔｉ不是理想的海水电解用阳极。在Ｐｔ－ＩｒＯ２／Ｔｉ阳极中，Ｐｔ的量对该阳极的极化性能影响不大。但该阳极寿命随着ＩｒＯ２含量的增加而提高。不同的阳极对海水中锰离子的敏感性不同。Ｐｔ／Ｔｉ，Ｐｔ－ＩｒＯ２（３０）／Ｔｉ阳极的析氯活性由于ＭｎＯ２层沉积厚度的增加而降低；Ｐｔ－ＰｄＯ／Ｔｉ阳极具有较高的析氯活性，而且还具有优异的抗锰离子污染性能，但寿命较短，如能改善，便是电解海水防污的理想电极。

Electrolysis seawater has been used for preventing marine pollution by coastal power stations. In this paper, the properties of various anodes used in seawater electrolysis are compared. For Pt and platinized anodes, the calculated consumption rate of Pt is ～500 mg/A·Y for Pt/Ti, it is ～340 mg/A·Y for Pt/Ta and it is ～240 mg/A·Y for solid Pt. As the electrode gap and flow velocity of the seawater increase, the potarization of Pt/Ti anode is aggravated. As the evolved chlorine potential of IrO2/Ti is higher than that of Pt-IrO2/Ti and the evolved oxygen potential is lower than that of Pt-IrO2/Ti, IrO2/Ti is not expected anode for electrolyzing seawater. The Pt contant has only a small influence on the polarization of the Pt-IrO2/Ti anode, but the lifetime of Pt-IrO2/Ti anode increases as the IrO2 content increases. The sensitivities of various anodes to Mn ions in seawater are different. As the thickness of the electrodeposited MnO2 increases, Pt-PdO/Ti node has good activity evolved chlorine and property of preventing Mn ion from polluting, but the lifetime of the node is shorfer. If lifetime of Pt-PdO/Ti could be enhanced, it would be an excellent anode for preventing marine polluting.