我国西部部分地区变应性鼻炎流行病学抽样调查

Survey on epidemiological features of allergic rhinitis in western areas of China

目的抽样调查我国西部部分地区(重庆、成都、乌鲁木齐、南宁)变应性鼻炎流行病学特征。方法2005年9-12个月,采用多阶段抽样和整群抽样相结合的方法,以家庭为调查单位,采用问卷调查形式对小学生及其父母、中学生及其父母、大学生及其父母进行流行病学调查。变应性鼻炎诊断依据ARIA标准,采用SAS9.13完成统计分析。结果有效调查问卷为26197份,总患病率为34.31%,重庆、成都、乌鲁木齐、南宁患病率分别为32.30%、34.33%、37.90%、30·32%,其中男性患病率为36.35%,女性为35.68%,经统计学处理,两者之间无显著性差异。根据ARIA分类标准,间歇性变应性鼻炎占30.47%,持续性的占69.53%;轻度的占8.77%,中-重度的占91.23%。根据1997年海口会议诊断标准,季节性变应性鼻炎占14.43%。西部地区变应性鼻炎发病月份在9、3、8月较高,诱发因素以感冒、天气变化、灰尘和刺激性气体为主。结论调查结果表明我国西部部分地区变应性鼻炎患病率较高,其中以中-重度持续性和常年性为主。

Objective To investigate the epidemic features of allergic rhinitis （AR） in western areas of China （Chongqing, Chengdu in Sichuan province, Urumchi in Xinjiang province, Nanning in Guangxi province）. Mothods A questionnaire survey on APt was carried out among students from primary school, middle school or colleges and their parents, by random multistage and cluster sampling, from September to December 2005. Diagnosis criteria of AR were that of ARIA （Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma）. Results Totally 26 197 questionnaires were completed. The prevalence rate of AR in western areas of China was 34.31%, 32.30%, 34.33%, 37.90%, 30.32% respectively in Chongqing, Chengdu, Urumchi and Nanning. The difference of prevalence rate between male （36.35%） and female （35.68%） was statistically insignificant. According to the classification criteria of ARIA in 2001,30.47% suffered from intermittent AR; 69.53% suffered from persistent AR; 8.77% were mild cases and 91.23% were moderate-to-severe cases. According to the classification criteria of Haikou in 1997, 14.43% suffered from seasonal AR. More morbility was in September, March and August. Main motivations were common cold, weather change, dirt and pungent gas. Conolusion The prevalence rate of AR in western areas of China is high. Most of AR is moderate-to-severe persistent AR and perennial AR.