沙漠区生物结皮层中藓类植物繁殖体发育实验研究

Experimental Study on Development of Moss Propagula in Biotic Crusts of Desert Region

对12种藓类植物(高山大帽藓,斜叶芦荟藓、芦荟藓、卵叶藓、厚肋流苏藓、盐土藓、无疣墙藓、土生对齿藓、红叶藓、真藓、丛生真藓、垂蒴真藓)的成熟孢子和6种藓类(斜叶芦荟藓、芦荟藓、卵叶藓、厚肋流苏藓、盐土藓、闭蒴盐土藓)的茎叶碎片在室温下培养,培养液为土壤浸出液,对照组为蒸馏水和自来水。在光学显微镜下描绘和照相记录孢子萌发与原丝体发育过程,发现除斜叶芦荟藓、盐土藓、卵叶藓、厚肋流苏藓外其余藓类的孢子均正常萌发。茎叶培养实验中除卵叶藓外的5个种都产生了大量的原丝体,表明旱生藓类的茎叶具有极强的无性繁殖能力。确定了孢子形态、萌发时间、萌发极向、萌发类型,探讨了藓类孢子萌发和原丝体的发育以及茎叶碎片的繁殖和传播特性,并分析了4种藓类孢子未萌发的原因以及无性繁殖对苔藓植物个体建成的重要性。实验结果为深入探索在生物结皮层形成过程中藓类植物的繁殖生物学作用提供了理论和实验依据。

Spore germination and protonema growth of 12 species of mosses are studied at room temperature in response to soil lixivium, distilled water and running water. Vegetative fragments of 6 mosses are studied at the same time. The process of the spore germination and protonema growth are illustrated and taken mi- crophotographs. The result shows that only spores of Aloina obliqgifolia （C. Muell）Broth, Pterygonegrgm subsessible （Brid.）Jur., Hil pertia velenovskyi （Schiffn.）Zand., Crossidiu m crassinere （ De Notaris）Ju- ratzka can＇t germinate. In stems and leaves cultivation, mosses except Hilpertia velenovsky （Schiffn.） Zand. produce plentiful protonema, which indicate that drought tolerance mosses have strong asexual repro- duction ability. Finally analysis aspects such as spore morpha, germinative time, germinative polarity, germinative type, spore germination and protonema development, as well as reproductive and dispersal characters of fragments of stems and leaves, and discuss the reason that lead to fail at germination as well as the importance of asexual reproduction for individual establishment, with the expectation that supply theoretical and experimental data for reproductive function of mosses in crust＇s formation.