不同贮藏条件对马铃薯微型种薯活力及生理特性的影响

Vigor and Physiological Characters of Potato Minitubers under Different Storage Conditions

以‘大西洋’、‘夏波蒂’2个品种的脱毒微型种薯为试验材料,分别在冷藏（4～6℃）、窖藏（8～12℃）和常温（18～22℃）条件下贮藏110 d,研究不同贮藏条件和温度对马铃薯微型种薯活力及生理特性的影响。结果表明：（1）低温冷藏能显著提高微型种薯的活力,2个品种的活力指数分别比窖藏和常温贮藏高20.44%、20.28%和33.51%、35.46%。（2）冷藏与窖藏和常温贮藏相比,CAT活性高35.37%～48.25%、91.68%～125.23%,SOD活性高5.79%～6.60%、10.53%～12.81%,而MDA含量却降低30.47%～47.79%、85.54%～87.09%。（3）随着微型种薯的重量增加其活力指数显著提高,CAT和SOD活性也增加,而MDA含量逐渐降低。（4）经不同条件贮藏后,微型种薯的含水量呈下降趋势,以冷藏条件的含水量降低最少;可溶性蛋白含量显著增加,冷藏比窖藏和常温贮藏分别高14.63%～24.67%和25.5%～35.04%;淀粉含量表现为不同程度降低,以窖藏降低最少;可溶性糖含量虽有明显降低,但其含量变化无显著差异。说明低温贮藏可以使马铃薯微型种薯保持较高的活力,适合贮藏条件的顺序依次为：冷藏〉窖藏〉常温贮藏。

In the present studies,two potatoes variety of ＇Atlantic＇and ＇Shepody＇were used to study effects of different storage conditions with different temperature on the vigor and the physiological characters of virus-free minitubers by storing them under cold（4～6℃）,cellar（8～12℃） and normal（18～22℃） storage conditions for 110 days.The results showed：（1）the vigor of minitubers were raised significantly under cold storage condition.The vigor index of＇Atlantic＇was 20.44%,33.51% higher than that under cellar and normal storage conditions separately while that of ＇Shepody＇was 20.28%,35.46% higher.（2）The activity of CAT and SOD of minitubers of the two varieties under cold condition was remarkably higher than that under cellar and normal conditions.The CAT activity was 35.37%～48.25%,91.68%～125.23% higher while that of SOD was 5.79%～6.60%,10.53%～12.81% higher respectively.The content of MDA,however,was 30.47%～47.79%,85.54%～87.09% lower.（3） The more the weight of minitubers,the stronger remarkably the vigor,and the higher the activity of CAT and SOD while the situation of the content of MDA was reverse.（4）During storage time,the water content was reduced,slowest under cold condition;soluble protein was increased,highest under cold condition;starch was decreased,but the reduction level under cellar was lowest;Soluble sugar was also reduced,however,there was not any notably different among three storage conditions.It was indicated that potato minitubers could keep higher vigor under cold storage condition and cold 〉cellar 〉normal storage was the order.