制度创新实施机制的极端超越:大饥荒分析视角

The Extremity of Actualization Mechanism in System Innovation:A Perspective into Big Famine within 1959—1961

对于中国1959—1961年发生的大饥荒,不同学者从不同的具体问题分析得出不同的结论,本文用新制度经济学理论分析,得出:建国初期的公有化的制度创新是符合中国国情的,但极端的工业化道路,一方面造成对农业的剥夺,另一方面把农村纳入工业化战略体系,从而造成对农村资源的任意支配和粮食高征购,使人均粮食占有急剧减少,引发了令人震惊的大饥荒,制度创新实施机制的极端超越是导致大饥荒的根本原因。

Different scholars have different conclusions about the Big Famine within 1959-1961. Analyzing the problem according to the principles of New System Economics theory, this article holds that system innovation of public ownership conformed to the early national conditions after the foundation of PRC. But the extremity of system innovation deprived farming and brought country into industrialization system, which resulted in abuse of agricultural resources, excessive commissariat requisition and then sharp decrease in amount per capita in food supplies. And finally it brought about the shocking Big Famine. The extremity of actualization mechanism in system innovation is the essential cause of the Big Famine within 1959-1961.