父母教养方式对小学学业不良儿童孤独感的影响

The Relationship between Parental Rearing Style and Loneliness of Children with Learning Disabilities

目的:探讨父母教养方式对学业不良儿童孤独感的影响,为学业不良儿童孤独感干预提供心理学依据。方法:运用父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)和儿童孤独量表,以北京市四所普通小学四到六年级1276名小学生中筛查出的144名学业不良儿童为被试进行团体测查,采用一般线性回归和分位回归进行统计分析。结果:(1)线性回归中母亲的温暖理解的估计系数为-0.1115,父母惩罚严厉的估计系数分别为0.3802,0.5158;(2)在分位回归中,惩罚严厉的估计系数,随着分位回归数从0.5到0.9,有增加的趋势;(3)整体上线性回归结果显示父亲的拒绝否认和过分干涉的估计系数分别为0.1303,-0.2897,对孤独感没有显著影响,但在分位回归中,父亲的拒绝否认和过分干涉在中低分位点处估计系数为(0.8142,0.2588)和(-0.3334,-0.4885),对孤独感有显著影响。结论:学业不良儿童孤独感与父母教养方式有关,其中父母的温暖理解、惩罚严厉为主要影响因素。对于孤独感体验强烈的学业不良儿童,惩罚严厉对其孤独感影响尤其显著,父母更应慎重使用惩罚严厉的教养方式。父亲的拒绝否认和过分干涉对学业不良儿童孤独感的影响作用需要进一步更细致的研究。

Objective：To analyze the effect of parents＇ rearing styles on loneliness among children with Learning Disabilities（LD）,and to provide psychological bases for loneliness intervention of Children with LD.Methods：EMBU and Children＇s Loneliness Scale were applied separately to investigate parental rearing style and loneliness of 144 children with learning disabilities selected from grade 4 to 6 in four primary schools in Beijing.Data was analyzed by OLS and Quantile Regression statistical method.Results：（1）From OLS,the estimator of the coefficient of warmness and understanding form mother was-0.11,and the coefficient of severe punishment from parents is 0.38 and 0.52 respectively;（2）From Quantile regression,the estimator coefficient of severe punishment showed increasing tendency from o.5 to 0.9 Quantile;（3）Generally,result based on OLS showed that rejection and denial,and intervention of parents had no significant influence on children with LD,but from results based on Quantile Regression,the quantile coefficient of rejection and denial,intervention from father were significant at the low and middle quantiles.Conclusions：Parenting rearing styles has great influence on loneliness of children with Learning Disabilities,warmness and understanding,severe punishment from parents are the most important factor influencing on loneliness of children with LD.Especially,for children at high degree of loneness,severe punishment from parents has more significant effect on their loneliness,and it is necessary for parents to stop using severe punishment.