西双版纳鸡嗉果榕内一种非传粉小蜂的性比调节

Sex ratio adjustment of a non-pollinating fig wasp species on Ficus semicordata in Xishuangbanna

对西双版纳广泛分布的鸡嗉果榕(Ficus semicordata)雄树上寄生的一种非传粉榕小蜂Apocryptophagus sp.进行控制梯度放蜂实验,结合产卵行为、交配行为观察,定量研究了该种非传粉榕小蜂的性比率.结果表明:Apocryptophagus sp.雌蜂在传粉榕小蜂(Ceratosolen gravelyi)产卵后的第3天开始访问榕果,从果外完成产卵,产卵时间持续2d左右.发育成熟以后,其雄蜂几乎与传粉榕小蜂雄蜂同时羽化,雄蜂咬开寄生有其雌蜂的瘿花并进行交配,雌蜂交配后从瘿花内羽化出来离开榕果,去寻找新的处于接受期的榕果,而雄蜂一直留在其寄生的榕果内直至死亡.后代性比与局域配偶竞争理论预测一致:性比偏雌,随着在同一榕果产卵的繁殖雌蜂数量的增加,后代性比上升;同时,单个榕果内的后代数量也上升,而平均后代数量却显著下降.在个体水平上,当1头雌蜂在榕果上产卵时,后代性比与后代数量呈显著的负相关关系.

Through controlling the number of ovipositing foundresses inside a fig, and combining with the observation of ovipositing behavior and mating behavior, this paper studied the sex ratio of Apocryptophagus sp., a species of non-pollinating fig wasps hosted on Ficus semicordata in Xishuangbanna. The results showed that female Apocryptophagus sp. started to visit the fig on the 3rd day after pollinator Ceratosolen gravelyi oviposited. Apocryptaphagus sp. oviposited on the outside of the fig, and the ovipositing lasted for 2 days. Male Apocryptophagus sp. emerged at the same time with pollinators. The males opened a small hole on the wall of gall where the females developed, and mated with the females. Mated females emerged from their development fig, and left for a new receptive fig. The sex ratio of Apocryptaphagus sp. was in agreement with local mate competi- tion theory, i. e. , it was female-biased. Meanwhile, the total number of offspring increased with increasing foundress number. In contrast, the average number of offspring per foundress decreased. At individual level, when a female laid eggs inside a fig, the sex ratio of offspring correlated negatively with the number of offspring.