1[1]Massie B M, Shah N B. Evolving trends in the epi demiologic failure: Rationale for preventive strategies and comprehensive disease management. Am Heart J,1997,133:703-712.
2[2]Paker M. The neurohormonal hypothesis: A theory to explain the mechanism of disease progression in heart failure. J AmCollCardiol, 1992,20:248-252.
3[3]The digitalis investigation group: The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbility in patients with heart failuet. N Engl J Med, 1997,336:525-533.
4[4]Colucci W S. Braunwald E: Pathophysiology of heart failure in braunwald, E(ed). Heart disease. A textbook of cardiovascular medicine 5thed. Philiadelphia:W.B. Saunder Comp, 1997. 413-413.
5[5]CIBIS Ⅱ Investigators and Committees. The cadiac insufficiency bisoprolol study (CIBIS Ⅱ ): A randomized trial. Lancet, 1999,353:9-13.
6[6]MERIT-HF Investigators. Communication with Gottlieb SS. Goldstein S. Wedel H concerning the results of the MERIT-HF trial. 1998.
7[7]Packer M. The Copernicus Trial: Carvedilol in class ⅡⅣ chronic heart failure. 22th ESC conference Stockholm: Sweden, 2000. 26- 30.
8[8]Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme W J, et al. For the randomized ailactone evaluation study investigators: The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N Engl J Med, 1999,341:709- 717.
9[9]Pitt B, Poll-Wilson P, Segal R, et al. Effects of losartan compared with captopril in patients with symptomatic heart failure randomized trial Heart Failure Survival Study-ELITTE Ⅱ. Lancet, 2000,355: 1582-1587.
10Love IMP, Momrray JJV. Endothelin in congestive heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol, 1996,91 ( Suppl 1 ) : 21.
9wright JC, Looney SW. Prevalence of plsitive osiers maneuver in 3387 persons screened for the systolic hypertension in the elderly program(SHEP) [ J ]. JHum Hypertens1997 ,11:285
10Zhu YH, Wang YL, Yang XP. Antagonistic effects of dipfluzine flunarizine and einnarizine on 5 - hydroxytryptamine - evoked contrac- tion in pig basilar artery[J]. Acta Phamacol Sin,1996,17(4) :321