从“五官”看五行的起源

On the Origin of the"Five Elements"from the"Five Offices"

只有制度化、仪式化的行为，才能最大限度地影响广大人群，造成思想史上革命性的变化。从这个角度看，五行起源过程中最重要的事件是五官制度的形成。为此，本文讨论了殷商时代的四方五官之祭，阐明了四方观念同五行思想的关联；讨论了关于少嗥氏立五官的记录，确定其基础是历法五官之制，经历了“二祀”、“三祀”各自独立的阶段。本文并通过对“五官”诸神之来历的考察，论证了五行起源的过程，认为其实质是不同族群的太阳祭典逐步综合的过程，经历了太皞少皞之祭、颛顼之祭、重该修熙之祭、后土之祭等阶段。

Only the conduct of systematization and formality can uttermostly affect the mass and make a revolutionary change in the history of thought.In view of that the most important thing in the process of the origin of the'Five Elements'is the development of the'Five Offices'system.This thesis discusses the sacrifice to'Five Offices'and'Four Directions'in the Shang Dynasty and expounds the relationship between the view of'Four Directions'and the thought of'Five Elements'.It also discusses the record of establishment of'Five Offices'set by Shao Hao,and definites that the foundation is'Five Offices'system which has the respective stage of'second sacrifice', and'third sacrifice'.This thesis also proves the process of the origin of the'Five Elements'through the study of the Five Offices' source, and believes that its essence is the process of combination of the sacrifice to sun in different tribes,which has the various stages of sacrifice to Tai Hao-Shao Hao,sacrifice to Zhuan Xu,sacrifice to Chong-Gai-Xiu-Xi,sacrifice to Hou Tu.