老年高血压及糖尿病患者下肢动脉病变的超声检查特点

High resolving power B-mode ultrasonogaphy for finding arterial diseases in lower-limbs in elder patients.

目的观察伴有高血压或糖尿病的老年患者下肢动脉病变的特点。方法110例老年人分为正常组、高血压组和糖尿病组,用彩色多普勒超声技术检查双侧下肢股总动脉、股浅动脉、腘动脉、胫前动脉及胫后动脉中膜厚度(IMT),IMT>1.2 mm或闭塞者为有病变。结果正常组、高血压组和糖尿病组下肢动脉病变率分别是28.6%、42.4%和81.4%,差异有显著性。股总动脉、股浅动脉、腘动脉、胫前动脉和胫后动脉总的病变率分别是48.2%、47.7%、50.0%、60.0%和48.2%。其中糖尿病组胫前动脉的病变率达到94.4%。糖尿病组有42支胫前动脉闭塞(58.3%)。结论高血压和糖尿病对老年人下肢动脉病变有非常明显的影响,彩色多普勒超声对于评价老年人下肢动脉病变有重要价值。

Objective To study the characteristics of arteriopathies in lower extremities in elder patients with hypertension or type 2 diabetes mellitus by color Doppler ultrasonography. Methods 110 cases were divided into three groups： normal group, hypertension group and diabetes group. Lower extremity arteries in all these patients were examined by High Resolving Power B - mode Uhrasonography. Results The thickness of IMT and atheromatous plaques were found in 28.6% ,42.4% and 81.4% of cases in＇ normal, hypertension and diabetes meUitus groups respectively. The pretibial artery was more easily to be involved and its arteriopathy was more frequent and severe in patients with diabetes melitus than that of patients with hypertension. Conclusion Arteries in lower extremity are more frequently involved by arteriopathy in elder patients with hypertension and diabetes millitus. High Resolving Power B - mode Ultrasonography is a good approach for finding arteriopathy in lower extremity in elder patients.