试论15至18世纪英国乡绅家庭婚姻形态的变化

On the Change of the English Gentry Form of Marriage and Family from 1400 to 1700

15世纪至18世纪英国乡绅家庭观念的近代化,使乡绅的婚姻形态发生变化。这主要表现在以下几个方面:一是择偶权。从父母包办婚姻过渡到子女自主婚姻。二是婚姻目的。婚姻从满足外在于自己的目的转变为满足自身的情感需要。三是择偶标准。从强调门当户对和功利主义到日益强调感情因素。到过渡后期,英国乡绅的家庭婚姻形态已同传统社会判然有别。

This article sets out to clear up foreign research productions of the English gentry marriage and family from 1400 to 1700. The author will summarize the gentry family from 1400 to 1700 using the research on domestic gentry research. The modernization of the idea of the gentry family in early modern England resulted in the change of the gentry marriage form; it mostly behaved hereinafter in sev eral aspects. Firstly, the choosing of a spouse, from the parent be the whole show to independent marriage; secondly, marriage aim, from extrinsic factor to inherent factor; thirdly, the standard of choosing spouse, from being matched for marriage and utilitarianism to emotive factor. Up to 1700, the English gentry family and marriage form was modernized.