农村政策金融功能定位与结构特征探讨--外国案例的实证分析

Functional Location and Structure Characteristic of Political Finance in Rural Area——Demonstrative Analysis by Foreign Cases

文章针对"市场失灵"说的不足,提出了基于农业、农村经济"弱势性"的分析框架,并对美国、日本和印度进行了实证分析。美国农村政策金融的结构特征主要源于农业的一般弱势性,日本主要源于"小农户"的弱势性,而印度复杂的农村政策金融结构的形成则源于包括"人多地少"、农户结构、城乡二元经济结构等在内的多重"弱势集合"。结论:一国农业、农村经济的"弱势性"既决定着其农村政策金融功能定位的演变,又决定着其结构特征。

Towards the insufficiency of the market failure theory, this thesis provides an analytical framework based on the vulnerability of agriculture and rural economy, and carries out a demonstration analysis from the cases of U. S., Japan and India. In U. S., the structure characteristics of political finance originates from the general vulnerability; In Japan, it originates from the vulnerability of small farming household; while in India, it originates from the multiple vulnerability of farming household structure, dual structure in urban and rural economy, etc. It makes a conclusion that the vulnerability of agriculture and rural economy determines the functional location evolution and structure characteristic of its political finance.