青藏高原的隆升与环境变化

ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND THE UPLIFT OF TIBETAN PLATEAU

基于青藏高原及其周边地带地球深部结构、构造和大陆动力学的研究，探讨了冈瓦纳古陆解体后，印度板块北进与欧亚板块碰撞作用的后效。由于印度板块中、上地壳与地幔盖层物质挤入，南北双向挤压力系以及复杂深层动力过程的作用，深部物质被分异、调整，致使地壳缩短增厚，深部物质侧向流展，导致青藏高原整体隆升。随着青藏高原的隆起，形成了特异的深部结构与深层过程。这不仅极大地改变了古亚洲的地貌景观和自然环境，使青藏高原进入冰冻圈，而且造成高原及其周边地域剧烈的水热活动和特异的地震活动，强烈地改变了该区人文气候、生物区系和生态环境，从而构成中—新生代以来东亚乃至全球系统最为壮观的地球科学事件之一。

Based on the study of earth′s deep texture and structure in Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent regions and the study of continental dynamics, this paper has a discussion about the northern forwarding of Indian Plate after its separating from Gondwana and the effect of its collision with European Asian Plate. Because of mass dispirism from middle and lower crust as well as mantle cover and because of bidirectionally compressional activity and complex deep internal process, deep mass diverges and adjusts and crust shortens and thickens, flows and extends laterally. It has eventually resulted in the uplift of whole Tibetan Plateau. During the uplift the unusual deep seated structure and deep lithospheric process was formed. It has greatly changed the relief and environment of Paleoasia and has entered the cryosphere since Tibetan Plateau has uplifted. Moreover, it has caused the strong hydrothermal activity and earthquake activity in the plateau area and its adjacent regions. It has also severely changed the humanity, climate, biota system and ecological environment and puts important influence upon China and the adjacent regions. It has constructed the most magnificent geologic event in the eastern Asia and even in the whole global system since Mesozoic and Cenozoic Era.