鄂尔多斯高原湿地危情及水资源永续利用的探讨

Factors Threatening Wetlands and Sustainable Use of Water Resources in the Ordos Plateau

鄂尔多斯高原的桃力庙-阿拉善湾海子为全球第1148号国际重要湿地,自本世纪以来逐渐呈干涸趋势;最大的湖泊红碱淖尔近年来水位也在明显下降;遗鸥繁殖群急剧减少,这些情况的出现与人类经济活动密切相关。有限的水资源合理利用将是促进或制约鄂尔多斯经济发展的一个关键问题。

In the Ordos plateau in western Inner Mongolia in northern China, Taolimao- Alashan Nut （the T-A Nut） and Hongjian Nut are the two wetland sites that have the highest biological and ecological importance, the former is a Ramsar site recognized in 2002 while the latter is the largest lake of the plateau and used to be over 60 km^2 of its total area. Since the beginning of the 21 st century, the water level of the two lakes has been much declined, as a result, the Relict Gulls at the T-A Nur moved away from their breeding colony, and the total area of the Hongjian Nut has been reduced to less than 60 km^2. Our field survey and investigation found that though the dry weather might have impacted the water level for some years, the main reason for the dramatic declining of water level might be due to the damming activities. Appropriate use of the rather limited water resources in a desert and semi-desert environment therefore becomes a key issue for promoting or restricting further development of the region.