民族旅游时空中的少数民族女性社会角色的嬗变——以山江苗族女性为例

Transformation of the Female Role of Minority People in Tourism:Based on the Miao Women in Shanjiang Areas

在现代旅游背景下,传统的少数民族地区的女性的社会角色发生了怎样的变化。本文以湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州凤凰苗族自治县山江镇黄村女性为例加以分析。旅游,作为一种强有力的现代性力量,冲击着传统的少数民族社会,改变了社会结构,也改变了人们的社会角色,女性就是其中的典型代表。黄村的部分苗族女性,在旅游业发展的影响下,不再单纯是普通的家庭妇女,而获得了更为复杂的社会身份,这个转变过程从宏观来讲是随时代发展被动完成的,从微观分析,女性在此过程中也进行着积极的调适。但是部分女性的角色转变并不意味着整个女性群体对"现代性"的适应,大部分仍固守传统社会角色,并与现代性的力量进行着对抗。

In modern tourism the traditional female role of minority people has changed much. Taking for example the women in Huangcun Village, Shanjiang Township, Fenghuang County, Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Huanan Province, this paper makes a tentative study in this regard. Tourism is changing the traditional minority society and its social structure as well as the female role. The women in these areas are not simply housewives but have a variety of social identities. This adjustment happens in accordance with social development and female initiatives in the movement. The change, nevertheless, is not universal; most of the women there still cling to traditions.