陀螺经纬仪的仪器常数及其测定

The instrument constant of gyrotheodolite and its determination

仪器常数是陀螺经纬仪的一个重要指标,它的稳定性对仪器的定向精度影响很大。国产陀螺经纬仪的精度指标分为两类:一次定向的标准偏差和一次定向的中误差。前者是真正意义上的定向精度,后者只考核了仪器定向的重复性,不包含仪器常数的变化。目前业内对仪器常数的界定还有差异,造成在仪器使用中仪器常数混乱的状况。通过分析和对比讨论了仪器常数的实质内含,进而分析了影响仪器常数变化的因素,并针对仪器常数的测定提出了几点建议。

Instrument constant is an important specification of a gyrotheodolite. The effect of its stabilization on the orientation accuracy is significant. The accuracy of gyrotheodolite made in our country is classified as： standard deviation and mean square error. The former is the orientation accuracy actually, and the later assesses the repetition of determinating direction merely, and does not include the changes of the instrument constant. At present, there exist differences between instrument constants, which results in confusion in the course of application. By analysis and comparison, the essence of the instrument constant is discussed and in turn, the factors that influence the instrument constant are analyzed. Some proposals to determine the instrument constant of a gyrotheodolite are given.