摘要
生态系统方法是保护和管理自然资源的新理念,得到世界各海洋大国的普遍关注和认可。生态系统方法要求运用生态补偿机制。构建海洋生态补偿机制的基本思路是:①根据海洋生态系统服务功能变化及其对利益相关者的影响界定补偿主体和补偿对象;②补偿途径以财政转移支付和环境资源税费为主;③遵循理论计算值与现有实践相结合的原则制定补偿标准。围绕影响渤海生态系统健康的关键是人类活动,提出了构建渤海区域生态补偿机制的初步设想,主要包括:改革现有"排污收费制度",提高收费标准,增强制度的生态补偿效力,以减少陆源污染物排海;建立流域和海域之间的用水生态补偿机制,以增加入海淡水量;推广"退渔还湿"的生态补偿政策;加大资金投入,强化现有渔业生态补偿政策;以同区域内的土地价格为参照,对围海造地收取生态补偿金。
Ecosystem approach is a comprehensive approach to the conservation and management of natural resources, and it has become popular around the world. Eco-compeusation is required for ecosystem approach application. Some ideas for establishing marine ecocompensation mechanism are put forward： ①payers and payees can be identified according to analyzing marine ecosystem service change and impacts on the stakeholders; ②financial transfer payment and environmental fees can be used as the main ways for compensation; ③ compromise between calculated theoretic results and ＂price bargain＂ to decide how much is the payment. Focusing on the key human impacts on marine ecosystem in Bohai Sea, suggestions on eco-compensation application are given： reforming ongoing system of pollutant discharge feeing and enhancing its incentives to reduce pollutant; implementing eco-compensation for freshwater demand between Bnhai Sea and its catchment area for the purpose of increasing freshwater inflow; popularizing and strengthening existing eco-compensation on fishery resources management, and implementing charge system of eco-compensation on reclamation from the sea for construction.
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
2008年第2期60-64,共5页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国务院专项“我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项(908-02-04-03)”
中国科协重大问题研究课题(2006)“环渤海地区2006-2015年经济社会发展环境承载力研究专题三--环渤海地区海洋资源对经济发展的承载力研究”
国家海洋局青年海洋科学基金(2005706)资助
关键词
生态系统方法
生态补偿
海洋管理
渤海区域
ecosystem approach
eco-compensation
marine management
Bohai Sea reg/on
