若尔盖湿地沙漠化成因分析及对策探讨

Driving Factors of Zoige Wetland Desertification and Countermeasures

本文旨在对若尔盖湿地退化、草原沙漠化的驱动因素进行分析,找出导致湿地退化、草原沙漠化的主导因素,并寻求合理对策。在前人已有研究和野外实地考察的基础上,对获得的数据资料进行对比分析,分析结果显示近几十年来若尔盖地区人口激增、挖沟排水、过度放牧等人为因素对湿地退化、草原沙漠化的影响明显,而气温升高、降雨减少等自然因素影响较弱。分析表明,若尔盖湿地沙漠化在于人类活动干扰和自然因素的双重作用,自然因素是湿地沙漠化发生的大环境,是大空间、大跨度造成湿地沙漠化的自然环境背景,为生态环境恶化、湿地沙漠化提供一种可能性;而近几十年来人类强烈的破坏性活动才是该地区生态环境恶化、湿地沙漠化的主导因素。在遵循自然客观规律的基础上,有针对性地制定切实有效的保护和恢复措施很有必要。

This paper aims to analyze the driving factors on Zoige wetland degradation and grassland desertification, identify the dominant factors which caused desertification of Zoige wetland and seek to reasonable countermeasures. Based on previous research and data collected during field investigation, the analysis showed that in the last few decades, human factors, such as rapid population growth, wetland drainage, overgrazing, and so on, influenced wetland degradation and grassland desertification obviously. However, natural factors, such as temperature increase and rainfall decrease are weaker. We come to a conclusion： the degradation and desertification in Zoige wetland is influenced by human activities and natural factors. Natural factors are the natural background, which cause large-space and large-span degradation and desertification. However, natural factors are not dominant factors at present, which only to make deterioration of the ecological environment, and wetland desertification possible. Human＇s intense activities in recent decades are the main factors which lead to the deterioration of the ecological environment and wetland desertification. It is necessary to formulate effective conservation and restoration measures based on the law of nature.