刍论中国博物馆事业“以人为本”思想暨实践的深化和拓展——以博物馆观众调查为视角

On the Visitor-oriented Thought of Chinese Museum and its Application

与传统的"以物为本"形成鲜明对照,"以人为本"思想是当代博物馆事业发展的客观要求和基本价值取向。从探索"以人为本"思想在中国博物馆事业中的实践与局限入手,提出观众调查是检验和完善博物馆"以人为本"思想的有效而重要的方法和手段。中国博物馆"以人为本"实践的欠缺与博物馆观众调查的缺失存在关联,博物馆观众调查应作为博物馆工作的重要组成部分。以具体调查数据进行系统实证分析,认为中国博物馆应更多地重视观众调查,并根据调查结果对博物馆工作作出相应调整和改进,进而使"以人为本"的思想暨实践得到更有效的彰显和拓展。

Different from traditional thought of material orientation, ＂visitor-oriented＂ thought has been an objective requirement and a basic concept of value for modem museum. This paper firstly clarifies the concept of ＂visitor -orientedness＂, then discusses the practice of this thought in museums of China and its limitations, and at last it proposes that visitors＇survey is a significant, effective and practicable way for museum to practice,examine and improve this thought. It maintains that the major reason of insufficient practice of this thought in museums of China is the short of museum visitors＂ survey, so it holds that museum visitors＂ survey should be an organic part of museum work. On the basis of the investigating data, this paper holds that Chinese museums should pay more attention to the visitors＂ survey and improve their work according to the visitors＂ suggestions.