中国城市经济与用水技术效率耦合协调度研究

Coupling Degree between Urban Economy and Technical Efficiency of Water Use in China

水资源是城市发展的血脉,解决用水供需矛盾的关键是提高用水技术效率,为了测度城市经济与用水技术效率之间的协调程度,采用随机前沿生产函数——面板数据模型,计算不同城市经济的用水技术效率,然后计算城市经济综合水平,最后借鉴物理学中的耦合度函数,测算不同城市经济与用水技术效率之间的耦合协调程度,分别得到1990至2003年的协调度,进行分级后并且在图上标注,显示不同区域的差异。对不同城市、不同年份的计算结果作横向和纵向的比较,动态地分析与考察,结果表明我国城市经济与用水技术效率的协调程度虽然逐步提高,但是总体上水平不高,只有发展经济与提高用水技术效率并举,才能改进协调度,从而为政府实施城市经济发展的可持续用水战略提供决策依据。

The increased pressure of water supply in urban area mainly resulted from the fast economic growth, population expansion and accelerated urbanization. Most urban governments have paid great attentions to fast GDP growth, rather than improvement of water use efficiency and water pollution, causing deterioration of urban water environment and accelerating contradictions between water supply and water demand. The key to solving the contradictions lies in the improvement of technical efficiency of water use. To make right and scientific economic development strategies, the coordination between urban economic development and technical efficiency of water use is to be measured. The stochastic frontier production function is introduced to compute the technical efficiency of water use in different cities, and typical indices are then sorted out to calculate the integration of urban economy. This study works out a model of coupling degree between economic development index and technical efficiency of water use in different cities in order to get the coordination degree between urban economic development and technical efficiency of water use. The model reflects the urban development levels and coordination degree between urban economic development and technical efficiency of water use, giving a concise and systematic presentation of the system. Quantitative evaluation and comparison studies can be carried out by applying the model to investigate the coordination degree of environment and economy in a region or different regions in different periods. The data collected from statistical yearbooks of Chinese cities was calculated through the model to get the coordination degree during period of 1990 to 2003. Results show that the main problem facing China＇ s cities is low technical efficiency of water use. The study also shows that the coordination degree between urban economy and technical efficiency of water use has been improving steadily. However, water shortage still is an urgent issue to be solved in Chinese cities. The study suggests that the government should developing economy and improving play a leading role in this regard and equal efforts should be made in technical efficiency of water use so as to improve the coordination between the two to achieve sustainable development.