Top-down法计算中国五氯酚钠消费分布

Estimates of PCP-Na consumption in districts and provinces in China by the Top-down calculation method

为履行《关于持久性有机污染物(POPs)的斯德哥尔摩公约》,中国将逐渐淘汰POPs的生产和使用,环境介质中POPs浓度监测和处置是履约工作的重要部分,而其消费分布的研究可以为监测和模型计算找出重点区域。采用Top-down法,根据当年全国的五氯酚钠消费,以药物灭螺面积、钉螺面积、血吸虫病流行村数等为替代数据,计算了各省份的五氯酚钠消费分布,并进一步计算出省内各市级地区的五氯酚钠消费分布。从2003年的计算结果来看,五氯酚钠消费最大的是湖北省和湖南省,两省五氯酚钠消费占到全国总消费的72.62%。最主要的地区是湖北省荆州市和湖南省岳阳市、常德市、益阳市,分别占全国总消费的15.25%、12、78%、11.72%、9.89%,总和占到全国总消费的49.64%,上述地区将成为今后研究和监测的重点区域。

Monitoring and disposal of the residual concentrations of persistent organic pollutants （POPs） in environment are important tasks for the implementation of the Stockholm Convention on POPs. Information on consumption distribution is useful for identifying the key areas to be monitored and also for model simulations. The annual amount of pentachlorophenate sodium （PCB-Na） consumed in every sub-unit （district or province） of the whole model （survey） area was estimated by the Top-down calculations employing important substitute data （area of the pesticide application, area affected by the indicator pest （oncomelania hupensis） and number of villages affected） and the total PCP-Na consumed in the whole area. PCP-Na has been used most heavily in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in Hubei and Hunan; the PCP-Na consumption of the two provinces was 72.62% of the national total. The consumption of Jingzhou alone was more than 15.25%, while the amount consumed in Yueyang, Changde, and Yiyang was about 12.78%, 11.72%, and 9.89% of that in the nation, respectively; the total consumption of the four districts accounted for 49.64% of the nation. Those districts are the key areas for future research in POPs monitoring and disposal.