论强化政府环境责任

Strengthen the government's environmental responsibility——a view of the modification of the environmental protection law

中国环境法律施行效果不理想的重要原因是政府环境责任的缺失,应当将《中华人民共和国环境保护法》(以下简称《环境保护法》)的修改和这一现状的改变结合起来,在《环境保护法》中强化政府环境责任。界定了政府环境责任的涵义,分析了加强政府环境责任的必要性,并介绍了美国、日本和俄罗斯联邦的环境基本法有关政府环境责任的规定,提出了修改《环境保护法》的立法建议。从国情出发,《环境保护法》应当规定积极和消极两个层面的政府环境责任。重点构建了积极层面的政府环境责任体系:提供环境公共产品(服务),在各项决策过程中执行环境影响评价,公开环境信息。

The imperfection of the government＇s environmental responsibility is a key reason for the deficiency of the environmental law＇s effectiveness. The modification of the Environmental Protection Law can strengthen the government＇s environmental responsibility to change the current situation. In lieu of the concept of the government＇s responsibility, the writers gave the connotation of the government＇s environmental responsibility into a positive level and a negative level, analyzed the importance of the government＇s environmental responsibility and also introduced the legal status of United States, Japan and Russia. According to Chinese social and moral conditions, the Environmental Protection Law should set in both positive and negative levels of environmental responsibility for the government. This paper＇s emphasis makes the positive environmental responsibility a part of the government＇s legal system. This includes a provision for environmental public products （services）, performance of the environmental impact assessment in different decision making processes and opens environmental information to the public.