北京市居民抗生素使用情况调查

INVESTIGATION OF UTILIZATION SITUATION OF ANTIBIOTICS AMONG RESIDENTS IN BEIJING

[目的]了解北京市居民的抗生素使用情况。[方法]随机选择北京市8个区,收集当地人口和电话分布情况,并随机选择电话号码,进行电话调查。并采用EpiInfo3.3.2软件对数据进行录入和分析。主要的统计学方法有描述性分析和卡方检验等。[结果]2004年,调查人群中有47%的人使用过抗生素。其中54%的人就诊以后使用抗生素。在没有就诊的人群中,自行使用抗生素的人群中,74%的人认为病情不严重,能够自行处理,不需要就诊。9%的人认为没有时间前去就诊。使用的抗生素中,30%为头孢菌素类,16%是青霉素,12%为中药类抗生素。是否根据处方购买抗生素,与被调查者教育程度的差异无统计学意义(小学程度以下,占42%;高中及中专,占52%;大学及以上,占61%;P=0.59)但是对抗生素使用知识的了解程度上,和教育程度的差异有高度统计学意义(小学程度以下,占7%;中学程度,44%;大学程度,42%;大学以上,5%;其他占2%;P=0.001)。对于抗生素使用的了解情况调查,女性比男性更多了解,两者差异有统计学意义(男,占45%;女,占66%;P=0.0001)。居民使用的抗生素的来源,主要是医院和药店,占51%和33%。60%的居民说,如果没有处方,药店里不能购买到抗生素。[结论]在北京居民中,46%的人不根据医生处方而使用抗生素。医院里没有根据医嘱需要而开处方是抗生素使用的主要问题,应该加强医院出售抗生素的管理。

[Objective]To investigate utilization situation of antibiotics among residents in Beijing.[Methods]8 districts in Beijing were randomly selected,and the local population and the distribution of telephones situation were randomly collected to investigate.[Results]In 2004,47% of residents investigated had used antibiotics. Among them,54% of them had used antibiotics after seeking the doctors. Out of people used antibiotics who did not seek the doctors,74% of them thought that their condition of diseases did not serious,and they could deal with the diseases by themselves as well as did not need to seek the doctors,and 9% of them thought that they have no time to seek the doctors. Out of these antibiotics,30% of them were cephalosporins,and 16% of them were penicillin as well as 12% of them were the antibiotics of traditional Chinese medicine. Whether to buy antibiotics according to the prescription was significantly associated with the education level（people with education level below elementary degree accounted for 9%,and with high school and secondary specialized degree accounted for 52% as well as above university degree accounted for 61%;P = 0.59）. While the knowledge of utilization of antibiotics showed significantly association with education level（people with education level below elementary degree accounted for 7%,with high school degree made up of 44%,with college degree for 42%,and above college degree for 5% as well as other degree for 2%,P = 0.001）. About the understanding of the utilization of antibiotics,female got more knowledge than male,there were significant difference between them（Male,for 45%;Female,for 66%;P = 0.0001）. The main sources of antibiotics were hospital and pharmacy,which accounted for 51% and 33%,respectively. 60% of these residents said that they could not get the antibiotics without prescription.[Conclusion]Among the residents in Beijing,46% of them did not use antibiotics in line with the prescription. And the main problems for the utilization of description did not prescribe according to the need of medical order,we should strengthen the management of the sell of antibiotic in hospital.