对历版《中国药典》所载川贝品种的探讨

Analysis of Species of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae Indexed in Different Version of Chinese Pharmacopoeia

目的:探讨历版《中国药典》所载川贝药材的商品分类。方法:先用显微镜镜检松贝、青贝粉末,再分析川贝4个来源的化学成分和各来源的市场价格。结果:从显微镜镜检结果来看,松贝、青贝的区别比较明显;从化学成分分析结果来看,川贝4个品种的区别亦很明显,提示其药效存在差异;从市场需求角度来看,松贝、炉贝的价格悬殊。结论:川贝母不应当只指一种药材,而应是"一类"药材,宜将"川贝母"一分为四:分别以卷叶贝母、暗紫贝母(松贝)、甘肃贝母(岷贝)、炉贝母各列专条。

OBJECTIVE ： To discuss the classification of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae medical materials indexed in different versions of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. METHODS： The Songbei powder and the Limpet powder were identified by microscopy; then the chemical constituents of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae from 4 origins and their respective market price were analyzed. RESULTS： The microscopic identification results showed that the differences between Songbei and the Limpet were great; the assay of chemical constituents also showed that there were significant differences among the four varieties of Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, suggesting the 4 species had significant differences in drug efficacy. Viewed from market demand, the prices of Songbei and Fritillaria delavayi Franch. delavayi had great differences. CONCLUSOIN： The Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae refers to ＂one group＂ instead of ＂one kind＂. It should be composed of 4 species： Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don, Fritillaria unibractea ta Hsiao et K. C. Hsia （Songbei）, Fritillaria przewalskii Maxim. （Minbei） and Fritillaria delavayi Franeh. delavayi.