大豆主导品种、主推技术及其推广应用

2005年以来,农业部连续4年开展了大宗农产品主导品种、主推技术推介工作。4年间,共推介大豆主导品种22个、大豆综合配套栽培技术4项。主导品种和主推技术的推介,加快了新品种、新技术的推广速度,充分展现了科技对粮食增产、农业增效和农民增收的支撑作用。介绍了农业部推介大豆主导品种的类型、适宜区域和在生产中的比重和作用,分析了主推技术的要点和增产效益,比较了大豆主要品种与水稻、小麦、玉米、棉花、油菜等大田主要品种覆盖比例的大小。从主要品种占全国总播种面积的比例看,六大作物品种区域适应能力排序为:玉米>小麦>棉花>大豆>油菜>水稻。作者提出,在今后的大豆育种工作中,应重点加强品种适应性的改良;在主导品种推介中,应适当增加大豆、水稻等光温敏感、区域性强、适应范围窄等作物的主导品种数目。

Since 2005, Ministry of Agriculture （MOA） of China has adopted a policy to recomrnend elite varieties and key ctdtivation techniques of major field crops to the farmers annually. Up to 2008, 22 soybean varieties and 4 comprehensive soybean cultivation techniques have been recommended. The variety and technique reeomrnendation policy speeded up the extension ot new varieties and techniques, and made progress in upgrading crop productivity, improving agricultural return, and increasing farmers＇ income. In this paper, the authors 1 ） introduced the types, adaptable planting areas of recommended varieties, and their roles in soybean production; 2） analyzed the core points and economic efficiency of recommended soybean cultivation techniques; and 3） compared major varieties of rice, wheat, corn, soybean, cotton, rapeseeds in percentage of total planting area of the specific crops. The overall coverage of major varieties in total planting areas of the different crops is as follows ： corn 〉 winter wheat 〉 soybean 〉 rapeseed 〉 rice. It was suggested that emphasis should be placed on adaptability improvement in soybean breeding, and more varieties should be recommended for soybean, rice and other narrowly- adapted crops in the future to broaden the coverage of the elite varieties.