张谷英村落体系空间结构历史变迁初探

STUDY ON THE SPACIAL STRUCTURE CHANGE OF ZHANG GU YING VILLAGE SYSTEM IN HISTORY

对张谷英村落体系的空间结构变迁过程进行研究,有利于正确认识和利用张谷英村落遗产价值。根据实地调研与张氏族谱资料,我们发现张谷英村落发展变迁历程可分为村落肇始、龙形村落阶段、双核心村落体系阶段等三个阶段;元明清之际的人口迁移、历史时期张谷英村落地理环境、内化的宗族观念与风水思想等是张谷英村落体系变迁的最主要影响因素;其影响的着力点在于张谷英村落的人地关系,在传统农耕时代的人地关系中,"人"是通过宗族组织起来的人,即张氏宗族;"地"即为张氏宗族所处的地理环境;土地的占有与利用是人地关系矛盾的焦点,传统农耕时期的村落活动半径决定张谷英村落必然由集中走向分散,最终形成双核心村落体系。

To study the Spacial Structure change of Zhang Gu Ying village system is beneficial to recognize and use its heritage resource, the change course of Zhang Gu Ying village can be divided into three stages： the beginning stage, the dragon-shape village stage, double-core system stage. The Population migration in the Yuan, the Ming and the Qing Dynasty, geographical environment of Zhang Gu Ying village in the historical period, intrinsic ancestor thought and Fengshui conception is the most important factors influencing the system change of Zhang Gu Ying village, their Influenced mechanism is completed by the Man-land Relationship. In this Man-land Relationship of the traditional agriculture stage, the ＂man＂ is the people being organized by the ancestor thought, that is to say, the Zhang-ancestor, and the ＂land＂ is the geographical environment Zhang-ancestor once lived by. To possess and use the Farmland is the central issue of the contradiction of the Man-land Relationship in the traditional agriculture stage, but the radius of the work and live of the traditional agriculture stage in the countryside decided the development direction of Zhang Gu Ying village from centralization to decentralization, and at last, the double-core village system is completed.