山东省黄河流域内地方性氟中毒流行病学调查

Epidemiological investigation of endemic fluorosis along the Yellow River basin of Shandong Province

目的了解山东省黄河流域内地方性氟中毒流行现状，为制订防治策略提供科学依据。方法在山东省选择9个病区县进行了流行病学调查，居民饮用水含氟量测定采用氟离子选择电极法．8。12岁儿童氟斑牙诊断采用Dean法。结果水氟均值≤1．00mg／L的村占34．41％（606／1761）；〉1．00mg／L的村占65．59％（1155／1761）；水氟最大值为11．33mg／L。水氟均值≤1．00mg/L的改水降氟工程占72．65％（449／618）；〉1．00mg／L的改水降氟工程占27．35％（169／618）；水氟最大值为5．85mg／L。8～12岁儿童氟斑牙总患病率为45．03％（25579／56804），氟斑牙指数为0．80。结论山东省黄河流域内50．00％以上的村庄水氟超过国家标准（≤1．00mg／L），地方性氟中毒的流行尚未得到有效控制，须尽快落实防治措施。

Objective To investigate the current prevailing status of endemic fluorosis in the Yellow River basin of Shandong Province and to provide the scientific evidence for making strategies in prevention and control. Methods Nine counties were chosen to carry out the epidemiological investigation. The content of fluoride in drinking water was determined by F-ion selective electrode and＇dental fluorosis of children aged 8 ～ 12 years old was diagnosed by Deans method. Results Water fluoride content was determined in 1761 fluorosis villages, among which 606 villages had water fluoride content ≤ 1.00 mg/L, accounting for 34.41%（606/1761 ）; 1155 villages had water fluoride content 〉 1.00 mg/L, which accounted for 65.59% （1155/1761 ）. The highest water fluoride content was 11.33 mg/L. Water fluoride content of 618 water-improving and defluoridation projects had been determined, among which 449 projects had water fluoride content≤1.00 mg/L and accounted for 72.65% （449/618）, 169 projects had water fluoride content 〉 1.00 mg/L and accounted for 27.35%（169/618）, the highest water fluoride content was 5.85 mg/L. The total rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 ～ 12 years old was 45.03%（25 579/ 56 804） and the index of dental fluorosis was 0.80. Conclusions In the Yellow River basin in Shandong Province, up to 50.00% in the villages the water fluoride content exceeds the county standard （≤1.00 mg/L）. The prevalence of endemic fluorosis in the basin hasn＇t been effectively controlled. So the countermeasures for endemic fluorosis should be carried out as soon as possible.