1986—2006年云南省家鼠鼠疫疫源地人间鼠疫流行病学分析

Analysis on epidemiologic characteristics of human plague case form Rattus flavipectus plague natural foci in Yunnan Province

目的分析1986—2006年云南省家鼠鼠疫疫源地人间鼠疫流行特征，为制订防治策略提供参考依据。方法结合疫情现场调查资料和疫情总结报告，采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果1986—2006年．云南省共发现507例人间鼠疫病例，占全国同期病例的58．5％（507／866），居各省份之首。1990、1996、2000年出现3次流行高峰，分别占全国同期病例的97．3％（73／75）、89.8％（88／98）、48．0％（122／254），发病区域主要在滇西、滇西南和滇东南地区，不同州（市）不同年份鼠疫病例发生程度不一。人间鼠疫全年均可发病但具有明显的季节性，高峰期在7-11月，高峰月为9月。人间鼠疫在年龄、职业等方面的差异与发病地区暴露人口接触疫鼠、疫蚤的机会有关。患病类型均为腺鼠疫。结论云南省家鼠鼠疫疫源地人间鼠疫具有流行时间长、病例数多、发病地区广的特点，应加强监测和预警，落实各项综合性控制措施，以减少人间鼠疫病例的发生。

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic characters of human plague from Rattus flavipectus plague natural foci in Yunnan Province from 1986 to 2006 and to provide references for prevention and control strategy. Methods Data were collected and analyzed on epidemic situation of human plague in the past twenty- one years. Results From 1986 to 2006, the total human plague cases from Rattus flavipectus plague natural foci in Yunnan were 507, accounted for 59.5% （507/866） of the total cases in the whole country. There were three peaks of human plague outbreak in 1990, 1996 and 2000. The number of annual cases were 73, 88 and 122, accounting for 97.3% （73/75）, 89.8% （88/98）,48.0% （122/254） of the total cases in the whole country respectively. The epidemic areas were mainly located in the west, southwest and southeast parts of Yunnan, but the number of cases changed with year in different prefectures（or cities）. Seasonal pattern analyses revealed that the epidemic could occur in whole year, with a peak period through July to November, especially September. There were different prevalence of plague cases in age and professions, which related to the chance of contact with infected animals and infectious fleas. All human plague cases were primary bubonic plague. Conclusions The results suggested that there were clear epidemic characteristics for human plague for Rattus flavipectus plague natural foci in Yunnan. In order to control human plague effectively, it was necessary to reinforce surveillance and warning system to diminish the outbreak of human plague.