花药培养过程栽培稻花粉不育杂种F_1与亲本台中65的细胞学研究

Cytological Studies on Pollen Sterile Hybrid F_1 and Its Parent Taichung 65 Oryza sativa L. during the Anther Culture

利用活体压片、半薄及超薄切片技术,对栽培稻(OryzasativaL.)花粉不育杂种F1及育性正常的亲本台中65离体培养前后的小孢子及花药壁进行细胞学研究。结果表明:与台中65相比,杂种F1的花粉小孢子在发育至单核中-晚期,出现比例较高的胞质凝聚小孢子和少量星型小孢子,正常小孢子和淀粉化小孢子比例降低。在离体条件下,胞质凝聚小孢子、星型小孢子、正常小孢子、液泡化小孢子、淀粉化小孢子的发育主要沿着胞质凝聚败育过程、孢子体发育过程、配子体发育过程、液泡化过程和淀粉化过程进行;药壁组织在离体条件下,杂种F1比台中65的绒毡层降解速度快,中层膨大程度高。杂种F1与台中65在离体培养下小孢子发育及药壁细胞学的差异主要是受到S-a座位内等位基因互作及离体培养环境的影响。

Using techniques of intact microspore, semi-thin section and ultra-thin section, the cytological differences in microspores and anther cell walls between pollen sterile hybrid F1 and its fertile parent Taichung 65 （Oryza sativa L.） were studied. When hybrid F1 microspores developed to the uninucleate middle and late stage, cytoplasm-condensed microspores had much more than those in Taichung 65, and star-like microspores appeared, but normal microspores and starch accumulated microspores decreased, when anthers of hybrid F1 were cultured in vitro, the development of cytoplasm-condensed microspores, star-like microspores, normal microspores, vacuole microspores and starch accumulated microspores would follow the microspore cytoplasm condensed process, sporophytic developmental process, gametophytic developmental process, vacuole process and starch accumulated process, respectively. Compared to Taichung 65, the degradation of tapetum layer in anther cell wall of hybrid F1 grew quickly and middle layer cell expanded larger under cuirued in vitro. These differences in microspore and anther wall between hybrid F1 and Taichung 65 were probably caused by the interaction of alleles in pollen sterility locus S-α and culture environment in vitro.