佛山市肝吸虫病现状研究

A cross-sectional survey of the population infection rate of liver fluke disease in Foshan

目的摸清佛山市人群肝吸虫感染情况及感染途径。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,对抽中的村民进行粪便检查肝吸虫卵和面对面问卷调查肝吸虫病感染情况以及认知和行为,采用χ2检验、t检验、F检验方法比较不同人群肝吸虫感染率和认知、行为之间的差异。采用Logistic回归分析方法筛选肝吸虫病相关影响因素;同时调查肝吸虫病的中间宿主和保虫宿主的感染情况。结果全市五区抽取10个自然村居民6535人,肝吸虫卵感染为36.54%,标化感染率为33.89%;感染度(EPG)介于24～72000之间,感染人群以轻度感染为主;人群感染率随年龄增长而升高;除"0～岁"年龄组女性感染率高于男性外,其他年龄组的男性感染率均高于女性;第一中间宿主淡水螺、第二中间宿主淡水鱼及鱼苗均未查获尾蚴、囊蚴,保虫宿主猫、鼠、狗均未查获成虫或镜检到虫卵;采用多因素Logistic回归分析方法筛选出职业、肝吸虫病知晓率低、吃生鱼等因素可能是居民肝吸虫感染的危险因素,生熟厨具分开可能是居民肝吸虫感染的保护因素。结论佛山市是肝吸虫病感染高发地区。

Objective The subjects were all villagers who resided in sampled village more than 2 months. Methods Two towns were randomly sampled in each district and one village was sampled from each sampled towns. Population perception rate and behaviors for liver fluke disease were investigated by a questionnaire survey and liver fluke ovum in excrement from the sampled villagers was tested. The difference of infection rate of liver fluke ovum, perception rate and behavior for liver fluke disease among different population were analyzed. The hypothesis test methods included χ^2 test, Student t test and analysis of variance. Logistic regression model was used for a multivariate analysis to screen the risk factors associated to the live fluke infection. Result 6535 villagers sampled from 10 towns in 5 districts in foshan were interviewed and tested. The crude infection rate was 36. 54%. The standardized infection rate is 33. 89%. It is estimated that there are 24 - 72000 population suffered from live fluke infection. It was found that an increase trend of infection rates correlated with age. Infection rates of men in every age group were higher than women＇s except 0 - group, the sexual difference of infection rates was statistically significant. Cerearia and metacercaria werent checked out in the first intermediate host： fresh water snail and second intermediate host ： fresh water fish as well as fry. As reservoir host, there weren＇t checked out imago and egg by microscope in cat, mouse and dog. The rate of infection of live fluke disease and the dietetic hygiene. Occupation, knowledge of liver fluke , eat raw fish fillet may be the risk factors of live fluke infection. Conclusion Cooking equipment hygiene may be the protective factors.