小水电开发中的景观生态规划探究

Discussion on Landscape Ecological Planning in the Development of Small Hydropower

以景观生态学的"驱动因子-景观变化-生态影响"模型分析小水电开发带来的景观生态影响。在景观生态规划中,提出合理配置景观要素来优化小流域景观生态格局、结构和功能,修复受损河流生态系统。加强水电环境影响定量评价,并制定环境与生态恢复预案,预留足够的生态系统自我修复本底,保障河道环境与生态用水,重塑河流自然水文水力状态,挖掘其自我恢复能力。同时柔化处理自然基质、重新连接断裂河流廊道、恢复重建生物生境。

Based on driving forces-landscape change-ecology impact modeling of landscape ecology theories,the ecological impacts of small hydropower development are analyzed.In the planning of landscape ecology,it is proposed that the optimization of the ecological pattern,structure and function and rehabilitation of river ecological system damaged can be realized through rational allocation of landscape elements.Quantitative assessment of the environmental impacts of hydropower construction should be strengthened,and the environmental and ecological restoration scenarios are draw up against the background of ecological development.The ecological environment water demand is guaranteed to remold the natural hydrological and hydraulic status of river system,and the self-restoration potential of the river system is developed.Additionally,engineering technology and measures,such as softening the small watershed matrix,reconnecting the separate stream corridor broken by hydropower dam,are also adopted to reconstruct the biological habitat.