西周的“德”与孔子的“仁”——中国传统文化的泛血缘特征初探

Virtue in Western Zhou Dynasty and Benevolence of Confucius:An Inquiry into the Characteristics of Extended Blood Relationship in Chinese Traditional Culture

周人克殷践奄后,创建了以周天子为天下大宗的,包括同姓和异姓诸侯在内的宗法等级秩序。这种宗法等级秩序在政治制度方面表现为宗盟政体的构建,在意识形态上则表现为泛血缘文化或曰拟血缘文化的创造,即周人以姬姓周天子的血缘为核心的对异姓贵族血缘认同的文化。这种泛血缘文化集中体现在周人所创造的"德"这一宗法伦理价值观念上。西周的"德"与孔子的"仁"二者之间具有沿革承传关系及共同的泛血缘文化特征。

The rulers of Zhou established a patriarchal hierarchical order which included dukes with same or different surnames based on the core of Zhou clan after overthrowing the Yin Dynasty, taking the Emperor of Zhou Dynasty as the great master of the earth. This order reflected the founding of the clan alliance regime in political system and represented the creation of the extended blood relationship culture in ideology. The ex- tended blood relationship culture mainly embodied in a patriarchal value called virtue that was created by the rulers of Zhou Dynasty. Virtue was a basic patriarchal value of the citizens of Zhou Dynasty, and benevolence was the central idea of Confucius. The author makes a detailed exploration of historical evolution of virtue and the connotation of benevolence, revealing the inheriting relation between them.