伊犁河谷天然草地退化现状及修复措施

Actuality investigation and restoration measure of degraded natural grassland in Yili Valley

利用"3S"技术,查清伊犁河谷不同类型退化草地的空间分布、发生规模、退化程度及退化成因,绘制伊犁河谷退化草地分布图。调查结果表明:伊犁河谷天然草地退化严重,退化面积221.07万hm2,占伊犁河谷天然草地总面积的64.65%,占可利用面积的71.21%。退化主要表现在毒害草蔓延,植被盖度降低,地上生物现存量减少,草层变矮;草地退化的主要原因为放牧强度过大、利用方式和利用时间不合理、乱垦乱挖等人为破坏严重。退化草地的修复应根据草地的不同退化形式和退化程度因地制宜的采取措施,以草地生态恢复为基础,保护和合理地利用草地。

The spatial distribution, occurring scope, degradation degree and degradation cause of various types of degraded grassland were investigated distinctly based on ＂3S＂ technology. The map for degraded grassland distribution in Yili Valley was drawn. The result indicated that the natural grassland of Yili Valley was degraded seriously and the degraded area are 2,210,700 hm^2 , 64.65 % of total area, 71.21% of available area. It represented that poison forage overspreaded, vegetation coverage reduced, overground existing biomass decreased, grass highness descended. The main reasons that caused grassland degradation are excess grazing intensity, reasonless utilization mode and time, seri- ous artificial destruction of random cultivation and excavation. Measures should be adopted and adjusted to local conditions to restore degradect grassland in allusion to different degraded forms and degraded degree. Furthermore, grassland resources should be protected and utilized rationally on the base of grassland ecological restoration.