关于我国教育改革中几个问题的思考

Reflections on the Problems in China's Educational Reform

30年前恢复的高校入学考试制度对我国的人才培养而言功不可没,但同时也成为我国教育的"指挥棒",左右着基础教育改革和发展的走向。高考的指挥棒作用导致义务教育属性异化,使提高全民素质的教育成为选拔教育。尽管素质教育的呼声不绝于耳,但"应试"仍是基础教育的灵魂,基础教育阶段的择校风也因此愈演愈烈。高等教育的大规模扩招有利于满足人民群众日益增长的对高等教育的需求,有利于满足社会经济发展对高层次人才的需求,但与此同时也出现了一些新问题,如高等教育迅速转向大众化引发了人才培养结构的失衡,高校毕业生人数的大幅度增加导致了就业形势越来越严峻等。我国基础教育和高等教育发展过程中出现的这些两难问题迫使我们应更加深入地去研究和思考我国教育的进一步改革问题。

The fair, just and open college entrance examination restarted thirty years ago has contributed much to China＇ s production of talents. But, meanwhile, the college entrance examination has become the ＂baton＂ that dominates China＇ s education and greatly affects the reform and the development of the elementary education. For example, it has changed the nature of the compulsory education. The aim of education is to improve the quality of people. But now it has become an instrument for choosing talents. Although quality-oriented education has been advocated for many years, the elementary education is still examination-oriented. School-choosing at the stage of elementary education bas become a prevailing phenomenon. The expansion of colleges＇ enrollment has satisfied the people＇ s need for higher education and the society＇ s need for high-rank talents. But a few new problems have arisen at the same time. For example, the popularization of higher education has led to the unbalance of the talent-producing structure. More and more graduates are faced with great difficulty in finding a job. The dilemma existing in the development of elementary education and higher education urges us to study these problems more carefully and make further reforms.